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Cool, Jacob - Graeca Numismata +
'The nicely written title page of the Graeca Numismata sets out its contents, indicating that it was prepared in Antwerp in 1588 and finalised in London the following year (see figures 8.5–6): "GRÆCA<br> NVMISMATA<br> EXTERNORVM REGVM AC PO-<br> PVLORVM DESCRIPTA ET EXPOSITA<br> Opera Iac. Colij Orteliani,<br> anno 1588 Antuerpiæ<br> 1589<br> Londini" Despite the title, it seems that he originally conceived of the work as a catalogue of his coins, since on the back of the title page we find the same six-line poem that appears in [[Occo 1579 by Jacob Cool|his annotated copy of Occo]]. Here, however, it has been deleted, apparently by Cole, even though the work does largely fulfil the poem’s promise. This seems to be because he later changed his mind and intended the book to be published, as he sets out in his greeting to the reader: "LECTORI S. Quis cuique genti populove typus in suo nummo usui fuit, scripsit Matthæus Hostus, primo libro rei nummarij veteris. Ego hoc mihi seorsum describens, & ex alijs tum authoribus, tum ipsis nummis similia adjungens, ita libellum meum audauctum depraehendo, ut minimam ejus partem Hosto acceptam feram. Plurimum enim descripsi ex H<s>enrici</s>uberti Goltzij magna Graecia et Sicilia, item Wolfgango Lazio, et alijs, quorum authoritatem singulis ex illis discerptis nummus duabus literis implexus annotavi, quae subtus explicabuntur. Fuere quidem omnia fere numismata graecis literis inscripta, quae ego latine scribere malui, quod quibusvis lectorib’s Latina scriptio quam Græca magis sit familiaris. Qui autem Graeca regionum regumq’ nomina cupiat, consulat Ortelij & Goltzij thesauros. In ipsis enim nummis, ultra primas tres aut quatuor literas, non leguntur. Pluriu’ quoque nationum extare numismata quam ego descripsi non me latet, at donec aut nummi aut eorum fide descriptiones nobis ad manus pervenerint, nudis nominibus, lector contentus erit, quae in Goltzij thesauro ex numismatibus descripta abunde legere poterit.<br> MH Matheus Hostus<br> HG Hubertus [changed from "Henricus"] Goltzius<br> WL Wolfganghus Lazius<br> FV Fulvius Ursinus<br> AEV Aenea Vico Parmigiano<br> GDC Guillaume du Choul<br> ALP Antoine Le Pois<br> O Nummus Abr. Ortelij" [GREETING TO THE READER. Matthew Host has written in the first book of ''Ancient Numismatics'' about the types which were used for each race or people on their coins. I am making this separate description for myself, and adding similar things both from other authors and from the coins themselves, and thereby set out my enlarged little book in such a way that I include a very small part taken from Host. Most of my descriptions are taken from H<s>enry</s>ubertus Goltzius’s ''Magna Graecia and Sicily'', also from Wolfgang Lazius and others, whose authority for the pieces taken from them I have marked by bracketing them with two letters, which will be explained below. Nearly all the coins were inscribed with Greek letters, which I have preferred to write in Latin, because Latin script is more familiar for every reader than Greek. Whoever wants the Greek names of regions and kings should consult the ''Treasuries'' of Ortelius and Goltzius. For they cannot be read on the coins themselves, beyond the first three or four letters. It does not escape me that there are coins of more nations than I have described, but until either the coins themselves or reliable descriptions of them come into my hands, the reader should be content with the bare names, since he will be able to read them fully described from coins in the ''Treasury'' of Goltzius.]' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 224-5)  
Cosimo I de' Medici - Alfonso Berardi - 1546-10-14 +
Lettre du 14 octobre 1546: Cosimo I demande à son agent de Constantinople d’acquérir et de sauver les monnaies antiques de la fonte: "Procurerete d'avere quante medaglie antiche potrete d'oro, d'argento, di rame o d'altro metallo, così degli antichi romani, come de' greci, egiziachi ed altri et inviarle qua tutte a noi, perché intendiamo là che si fondano per argento o per oro, et usate in ciò ogni buona diligenzia. [...]" (Firenze, Archivio di Stato, MP 2633, cc. 5-6; voir Barocchi - Gaeta Bertelà 1993, p. 3, num. 1; Williams 2009, p. 107, note 12).  +
Cosimo I de' Medici - Alfonso Berardi - 1547-9-16 +
-Lettre du 16 sept. 1547 : recherche des monnaies antiques (Firenze, Archivio di Stato, MP 7916, f. 46 ; voir Williams 2009, p. 107, note 12).  +
Cosimo III de' Medici - Jean Foy-Vaillant - 1687-7-1 +
Lettre du 1er juillet 1687 (de Florence): "Perché il Bianchi, mio giovane, possa profittare un altro poco nello studio e cognizione delle medaglie, sotto la disciplina cortese di Vostra Signoria che a Roma gli fu di tanto frutto, ho pensato di mandarlo a passar qualche mese in codesta città, dove confido che Vostra Signoria vorrà ammetterlo a frequentar la sua casa, in cui l'odor solo della virtù che vi alberga, sarà bastante ad aprirli quel più d'intelletto e farli scorta ad inoltrarsi con maggior lume nell'oscuro dell'antichità che Vostra Signoria seppe render così chiara colla sua grande erudizione" (Firenze, Archivio di Stato, MP, 4826; Fileti Mazza 1996, p. 365).  +
Cotton, Robert - Du cabinet de Robert Cotton +
-Carpentras, Bibliothèque Inguimbertine de Carpentras (BIC), Ms 1772 (autre cote: P., IV, t. I), Angleterre, papiers de Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, f° 118 et sqq. Du cabinet de Robert Cotton, in Dessins de monnaies antiques de Néron, par Valavez (frère de Peiresc). Manuscrit de 423 feuillets, 340 x 230 mm, reliure parchemin (information Guy Meyer).  +
Cotton, Robert Bruce - A not of such Books and Bundells of paper in the Lower study that are not inserted in the Catalogy +
'The page is a single leaf, damaged sometime at the bottom by water, entitled ‘A not of such Books and Bundells of paper in the Lower study that are not inserted in the Catalogy’. The upper part of the page, headed ‘Ivlivs’, has a list of seven groups of books and bundles. The lower part is entitled ‘Augustus’. (Both terms, ‘Augustus’ and ‘Caesar’, refer to sections of his library, which was classified by the twelve Caesars, plus Cleopatra and Faustina.) The page was first published by Sharpe, but the reading given here is slightly different for the first ‘sid’ (side); in addition, I have made a fresh attempt to read the last paragraph, the last part of which was previously omitted: Augustus<br> A Cabanett of <s>10</s> 8 leaves and 2 drawing Boxes<br> The first sid<br> The first and second leaf contayning the Coynes or Medalls of all the Roman Emperors som being of Gold som of Silver and som of Copper from Pompey and Julius to Phocas and Maritius.<br> The <s>seco</s> third leaf coyntayning the Coyns of the Saxon kings som in Silver som of Gold.<br> The fourth leaf contayning divers Brittayn Coyns of Gold and Silver and The Coynes of the Kings of England from William the first unto King Charles, som few gold, and rest <s>Sil</s> Silver.<br> On drawer or Box contayning a dead and seall of all the Kings of England from Edward the Confessor to Richard the Second.<br> The Second sid of the Cabinett<br> The first leafe contayness divers Medalls or Coynes of the Great and Siciliens, <s>and</s> <s>Af</s> Asian and Egyptian <s>////</s> Countrys som in Ivory Roundell and som without. This description indicates the overall organisation of the collection, although it must be incomplete, since we have a reasonable description of only five of the eight ‘leaves’ and one of the two ‘boxes’. It consisted of: # one part, consisting of two ‘leaves’ of Roman gold, silver and bronze coins, ranging in date from the end of the Roman Republic to the early Byzantine empire, of the early 7th century AD; # a second part, the third ‘leaf ’, of gold and silver Anglo-Saxon coins; # a third part, the fourth ‘leaf’, of gold and silver coins of pre-Roman Britain (there is no mention of bronze, but we know he had at least some ancient British bronze coins: see below); and a few gold, but mostly silver, English coins from the Norman Conquest to the reign of King Charles; # a box containing royal seals from Edward the Confessor to Richard II, which does not concern us here; # a ‘leaf’ of coins that are probably Greek coins. I suggest reading ‘Great and Siciliens’ instead of ‘great[?] Sicilian’; the words Asian and Egyptian seem clear and account for most of the rest of the Greek world of the eastern Mediterranean. I think ‘Great’ may be mistake for ‘Greek’ The last words, not previously read, refer to the frames put round the coins. Archibald has pointed out that Pegge later mentioned ‘y<sup>e</sup> Ivory frame’, which contained a coin of ‘Conulf Rex’, and suggested that it was a ‘ring-mount with broad enough borders to have identifications written on them, similar to the ‘black turned hoops’, mentioned later for the collection of Charles I.' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 145-6)  
Cotton, Robert Bruce - Numismatvm Impp: Romanorvm Regum Britonum Saxonum et Anglor' a Iulio Caesare ad Iacobum Magnae Brittanniae Regem quae in Bibliotheca Cottoniana Extant Exemplaria. 1617 +
'A partial manuscript list preserved in the British Library, which was ‘certainly compiled for Sir Robert Cotton and bears entries and annotations in his hand’ (Tite 1992), is entitled: NUMISMATVM IMPP: ROMANORVM<br> Regum Britonum Saxonum et Anglor’<br> a Iulio Caesare ad Iacobum Magnae Bri-<br> anniae Regem quae in Bibliotheca Cotto-<br> niana Extant Exemplaria. 1617. Its pages give a good deal of specific information about Cotton’s coins, using illustrations from Speed’s ''History'', and showing that there was a wide range of ancient British and Roman coins in Cotton’s possession. ... Unfortunately, the list was never finished. The listing of Roman coins peters out from the early fourth century. There are then some rather faint instructions on subsequent folios, which give indications of what we might have expected for post-Roman material, but they give little specific information: # f.158v is headed ‘Ffor the monarks from Alfred to William the Conqueror’. The page is otherwise blank; # f.165r has the heading PAENDRAED for one of its blank boxes; # at the top of the otherwise blank f.165v we read ‘Saxons to begin her(e). every kingdom to have half a page and Blank left after every several kingdom’. The page is otherwise blank; # the top of the blank f.166r has ‘From the Conquer. to King James’, followed by nine images from Speed on f.166r and eight on f.166v; # f.167r has two images, from Speed, of Edward VI and Elizabeth; # f.168r is headed ‘West Saxon small: on the moneyer’, followed by a list of kings with initial dates, from Ethelred to Ethelwulf, and, at the bottom, the remark ‘Leav(e) 2 or 3 Blankes after every on(e) of thes(e) kingdoms to put in after’; # f.168v is entitled ‘The Monarkes from Aelfred to the Conqueror’, followed by a list of 17 rulers with initial dates, and three sketches on coin reverses; and # f.169r is entitled ‘Norman monarkes’, followed by one line of an inscription from coins of William I. So, although the pages seem now to be in the wrong order, they follow the outline of the work as set out in its title, and give some indication of the later contents it was intended to include. In addition, as well as the list of Saxon kings on f.168r–v, images of 18 coins (numbered 1–23) from William I to Elizabeth have been pasted into two columns drawn exactly like the ones on the earlier pages (but without the boxes). Each page was ruled with a pencil to form two columns, each of five horizontal boxes, and each box had a little identifying label written in ink; prints of the wood-cuts were then stuck into these boxes as illustrations. These are images cut out from a copy of Speed’s book, or more likely from a proof set of Speed’s images, like the one present in a manuscript volume in the Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL MS 116, which once perhaps belonged to Cotton). The grid is not always respected; on f.157v pairs of ancient British coins, which were paired vertically instead of horizontally, have just been stuck over it. Even though the hand has been identified as Cotton’s, it seems that this exercise was not undertaken with a very great knowledge of coins, since sometimes the images were mixed up (Severus and Pescennius; cf. the confusion between the two Theodosii), and similar mistakes presumably explain why so many of the later ones have had their labels corrected. The identification of the coins follows more or less that given by Speed, although there are some mistakes in the labelling. For example, two coins given to ‘Galgacus of Caledonia’ (Speed, p. 177) are labelled Galiagus (sic) and Caliov (sic), implying separate identities.' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 147-9)  
Courten, William - A Catalogue of my Consular Medals in Boxs No. 1.2.3.4 Anno Dni 1695 +
A very detailed catalogue, which is tightly written over the next six folios (ff.198–203). It lists 405 coins, slightly more than the 396 in the summaries, perhaps reflecting new acquisitions Courten had made during the year. As earlier, with his list of 1670–3, the coins are described with their values, and at the bottom and top of each page the numbers of coins and running totals of value were carefully added up. (Burnett 2020b, p. 765)  +
Courten, William - A catalogue of ye medals & Coines that were in Mr Bohun’s Cabinet +
'The lists seem to have been intended to serve as a catalogue for Courten so that he would not procure any duplicates for Mr Bohun. Although the interpretation of the lists is not straightforward or clear, the most extensive one (ff. 210r–v) lists out some 260 coins divided between ten ‘Dr.’ = drawers. The drawers contained: 1–2 ‘containeth imperial and consular medals’, listed out by emperor or family, the majority being imperial (40 in the first drawer, and another 32 in the second)<br> 3–4 ‘empty’<br> 5 ‘18 Greek medals, 2 shekells of Samaria & 1 consular medl,’ marked ‘true’ or ‘false,’ the latter category outnumbering the first<br> 6 ‘containeth money of grand Cairo & ye coast of Africa 15 grt peeces 85 small’<br> 7 ‘containeth 18 Large silver medals Greek & Latin 1 modern. Nearly all are Roman and marked false’<br> 8 ‘containeth 27 Coines & Medals modern except 2 one of which is Greek ye other Latine,’ some marked ‘false’<br> 9 ‘money most of it Spanish 4 cast modern medalles & 1 false consular ps,’ not listed<br> 10 ‘consulary medls 67,’ not listed<br> 11 ‘consulary medls 66,’ not listed<br> 12 ‘empty’<br> (Burnett 2020b, p. 1217)  +
Courten, William - A list of medals to exchange, 2 July 1698 - London, British Library - Sloane MS 3961, ff.91-2 +
'Two small pieces on paper. At the top of the first (f.91r), Courten has written ‘2d July 1698 for y<sup>e</sup> exchange of Hostilianus £0:05s:00d’. Underneath (and perhaps related, and written in another hand): Brutus Eid Mar 3: <br> Domitilla 1:10:- <br> Pescennius 11:- <br> Manlia Scantilla 3:- <br> Paulina 1:- <br> Maximus 1:- <br> Tranquillina 6:- <br> Procopius 2:- <br> [92r]<br> en argent ll s d<br> Maximus 1:-:-<br> Paulina 1;-:-<br> Procopius 2:-:-<br> mon addresse<br> a Monsieur Pierre Chabert Banquier a Paris mon nom Jacques Cronstedt.' (Burnett 2020b, p. 767)  +
Courten, William - A list of Roman emperors and empresses from Augustus to Nerva, with notes on rarity of the coins of each of them +
'A list of Roman emperors and empresses from Augustus to Nerva, with notes on rarity of the coins of each of them. E.g. ‘Eius num. frequent: et tritj’ [his coins are common and worn] (Claudius); ‘Eius num: ex aere omnium Impp: rarissimi sunt’ [his coins in bronze are the rarest of all emperors] (Otho); ‘Prima aereos num: obtinuit a Senatu sed rarissimi sunt’ [she was the first woman to receive bronze coins from the senate, but they are very rare] (Agrippina II); or ‘Eius nummi vulgares et obvii’ [his coins are common and often met](Nerva).' (Burnett 2020b, p. 767)  +
Courten, William - Catalogo dj quellj Curiosità chj venivano Allj miej manj Nel Anno 1667 - BL, Sloane MS 3988, ff.2-10 +
Records of acquisitions between January 1666 and February 1668. A transcription of the numismatic elements is given by Burnett 2020b, pp. 1496-1500.  +
Courten, William - Coines and meddalls Bought since 1670 - London, British Library - Sloane MS 3988, ff.17-22 +
List of coins and values bought by Courten. The list was presumably composed in 1674, since that year appears at the end of the list. A transcription is given at Burnett 2020b, pp. 1497-1500.  +
Courten, William - Consular Medals +
A summary of Courten's Roman republican coins, with values. Briefer than his other summary account of a similar date ([[Courten, William - June 1695. An Account of my Consular Medals in Boxs No. 1.2.3.4|BL, Sloane MS 3962, f.196]]).  +
Courten, William - For my Lord Colerane all true and different - London, British Library - Sloane MS 3961, f.108 +
A scrap of paper with: 'April 1694 June y<sup>e</sup> 20<sup>th</sup> 1694 for my Lord Colerane all true and different. <br> AR 42 Imperial Medals at 1s iid ps at most £4:00s:0d. <br> 10 Imper: AR. 1<sup>oz</sup> 0: 123g<sup>s</sup> at 1s ps. <br> 10 Imper: Billion 19<sup>dwt</sup> 18<sup>grs</sup><br> 23<sup>rd</sup> August 1694 changed four Doubles & tooke back 2 for which I allow 4s 2s [sic] p peece.<br> Rs 40 Imper. AR.<br> 11<sup>th</sup> 7<sup>ber</sup> 1694<br> 41 1 Balbinus added.' (BL, Sloane MS 3691, f.108; Burnett 2020b, p. 370 n. 116)  +
Courten, William - G(old) medds yt that are rare. Silver medds yt are rare +
'A list of (left hand column) ‘g(old) med<sup>ds</sup> y<sup>t</sup> that are rare [in cipher]’ and (right hand column) ‘Silver med<sup>ds</sup> y<sup>t</sup> are rare [in cipher]’. The gold column is a list of names from Julius Caesar to Postumus; as well as rare emperors, it includes many empresses and members of the imperial family. Often the names are followed by letters which look like ‘v.g.’, whose significance is not clear, and occasionally with the word ‘none’ (in cipher), strangely twice after M. Antonius and after Agrippina II; again its significance is unclear. The silver column similarly runs from ‘Julius Caesar’ to ‘Corn. Supera’ (the wife of Aemilian, but mistakenly described here as ‘uxor Valeriani Iunioris’). The letters ‘v.g.’ again appear, less frequently, and sometimes we also have ‘comon [in cipher]’, which seems to contradict the ‘rare’ of the heading in a confusing manner.' (Burnett 2020b, p. 767)  +
Courten, William - June 1695. An Account of my Consular Medals in Boxs No. 1.2.3.4 +
A summary list of Courten's Roman republican coins. Lists 396 coins across four boxes.  +
Courten, William - Mdls yt Mr Bohun wants - London, British Library - Sloane MS 3962, f.207 +
An undated list of rulers from ‘1 Juba filius rare’, including ‘Cleopatra Regina Egypti scarse’ to ‘50 Heraclius’; appears to be a list of coins that Courten was trying to buy for Bohun.  +
Courten, William - Medailles Anciennes qui sont les plus rares en or, argent et cuivre +
'Labelled ‘Medailles Anciennes qui sont les plus rares en or, argent et cuivre’. The list is headed ‘Les medailles des Colonies sont les bonnes’ and consists of a list from ‘Les medailles de Jules Cesar sont rares en or et en bronze et en argent dit Mr. Vaillant’ to ‘Glycerius, Julus Nepos rares’, followed by some general comments. This looks like a series of notes made from Vaillant (which would explain why it is in French).' (Burnett 2020b, p. 767)  +
Courten, William - Medals which I wanted - London, British Library - Sloane MS 3961, f.70 +
'[Left hand column:] ‘Medals AE which I wanted [in cipher] November 1700’. A list from ‘1 Caius, Agrippae et Iuliae f.’ (Augustus’s grandson) to ‘31 Valerianus Iunior’. [Right hand column:] ‘Medals AR which I wanted [in cipher] November 1700’. A list from ‘1 Sextus Pompeius’ to ‘98 Heraclius’. Some in each list have been marked with a x or a \, probably referring to ownership in some unexplained way. Some of the coins are not so rare (e.g., silver of ‘Iuba fil.’ [= Juba II of Mauretania], Crispina, Albinus, Eugenius, Honorius).' (Burnett 2020b, p. 767)  +
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