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A
Ashmole, Elias - Familiarum illustrium Imperatorumque Romanorum Numismata, Oxoniae in Bodleianae Bibliotheca archivis, descripta explanataque +
Ashmole’s original working copy of his catalogue of Roman coins in Oxford, 1666. It is today in the Bodleian Library (MS Ashmole 808) and is in one volume. It was, however, formerly in the Ashmolean, presumably having been acquired with Ashmole’s other papers, and it was transferred in 1860 to the Bodleian (presumably because the Ashmolean coins had just been transferred there). +
Ashmole, Elias - Familiarum Illustrium Imperatorumq’ Romanorum Numismata Oxoniae in Bodleianae Bibliothecae Archivis Descripta, Explanata, atq’ in Tria Volumina Digesta +
The formal presentation copy [of Ashmole's catalogue of Roman coins in Oxford], which was presented to the Bodleian in 1668, but transferred to the Ashmolean in 1920 (Arch. Bodl. Fols.1–3)when many other numismatic papers were transferred to the museum. It is in three volumes. As it was originally in the Bodleian with the coins, it had become the working copy of the librarians, and was annotated with later additions, down to c. 1710. ... two sorts of additional information were added. One was the location of the coins, with a reference in the margin in the form ‘Loc. 14. (XI)’; ‘Loc’ stands for loculus, and the reference is to the place of the coin in each coin tray or drawer in the relevant cabinet. The coins were also individually numbered, and, over time, additional acquisitions were added, leading consequently to the renumbering of the coins.<br>
The changes made to Arch. Bodl. Fols. 1–3 show that they continued in use for new acquisitions until the early 18th century. We can date their last use fairly accurately, from three pointers. They include a coin donated by Andrew Fountaine (Vol. 1, f.84v). A coin was also added with only a red ink number (the third and last renumbering) with a reference to ‘Vaillant Famil. p. 272 Vol. 2’ (Vol. 1, f.78v), referring to the copy of Jean Vaillant’s ''Nummi antiqui familiarum Romanarum ... illustrati'', published in 1703. The third and last attempt to renumber the coins in red ink extended through all of volume 1 and reached f.80 of volume 2: and at exactly that point was placed, as a marker, a page from the ''Female Tatler'' (!), dated 28 November 1709. Thus, c. 1709 is the date until which it was used, and the annotations were made largely by Thomas Hearne, who had been appointed to the Bodleian in 1701.' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 424-5) +
Ashmole, Elias - The Impressions of severall Pieces of gold belonging to his Maties Cabinet King Charles the 2nd +
'MS Ashmole 1138 (= MS Cons. Res. C 27) is a very fragile volume containing 144 leaves. Red wax sealings are affixed to a number of the pages, usually leaving 3–4 blank pages in between, as a sort of buffer between them.209 Although f.1 is entitled ‘The Impressions of severall Pieces of gold belonging to his Maties Cabinet King Charles the 2nd’, the volume also includes sealings of many of the gems in the royal collection. In addition much of the later part of the volume is, in fact, devoted to sealings of contemporary personal seals, whose annotations indicate that they had been gathered by Ashmole on his travels around the country, and they are mostly arranged by county. These personal seals are often accompanied by dates, and the dates recorded indicate that they were mostly made in 1663–5, but two other items are dated 1670 and 1673. This suggests that the volume began as a record of those royal coins of which, for some reason, Ashmole wished to make an exact copy, but that he went on to use the same volume as the container for the sealings he later made elsewhere. He sensibly kept the same sort of medium in the same place.' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 342-3) +
The bulk of MS 1140 is essentially a list of Roman silver coins, both imperial and Republican (in that order: ff.2r–199v; 200r–299v), written clearly on sheets of paper which have been ruled with top and side margins. (Some further material is appended on different-sized paper at the end of the volume: this is discussed below.) A total of 2087 coins are listed. The listing can be regarded as reasonably accurate for the high empire, but the problems of distinguishing between ‘silver’ and ‘bronze’ for the coins of the late Empire means that we cannot be sure exactly what has been included and what has been omitted. The Latin descriptions of the Republican coins are, unsurprisingly, modelled on Gorlaeus’s Thesaurus, and Ashmole was to use the same model for his catalogue of the Bodleian coins a few years later.
In addition, the main list is sometimes annotated in the margin with ‘AV’ or ‘AVR’, the abbreviation for ‘gold’, followed by a weight given in pennyweights and grains, and these weights generally correspond to the norm for relevant gold coins. Presumably, when Ashmole found a gold coin with the same description as a silver coin (inscription and design), he just made an annotation in the margin, to save the time of rewriting the description. However, as we shall see, other gold coins were also listed elsewhere.
The catalogue of imperial silver coins is divided into 25 sections, numbered thus in the lower left corner of the relevant page. It looks as if these numbers may refer to the different drawers or trays in a cabinet, which would presumably be the cabinet containing imperial silver. If so, each tray contained very different numbers of coins: 100–150 for most of the first 17 trays but then only 20–80 for the last eight. The biggest numbers of coins in a single tray are 149 and 150, suggesting large trays. It must have been a substantial cabinet, physically.
For the earlier emperors (Augustus to Trajan) we are normally given two figures at the bottom of the last page describing coins of that emperor. In the lower left, we have ‘Tot.’ followed by a numeral, obviously the total of coins listed in the preceding pages for that emperor. Such ‘total’ figures continue after Trajan until the reign of Clodius Albinus, when they stop. The totals are very helpful, as it is not always easy to isolate every single coin in Ashmole’s lists. Clearly Ashmole eventually tired of adding up the totals.
The second set of figures, which appear at the end of the reigns only from Augustus to Trajan, are in the lower right hand corner: a numeral follows a ligature that looks a bit like a joined up 7 and 3, and which must, I think, represent ‘br’, for bronze or brass. Thus, for the earlier reigns, it seems that we are given the totals of bronze, as well as a listing of the silver. We do not, however, get any such quantities of bronze after Trajan, and, once again, it seems that Ashmole must have stopped making the effort. We can see in this way how the character of his cataloguing changed over time.<br>
(Burnett 2020b, pp. 340-1)
The listing of gold coins in the royal collection was made by Elias Ashmole in 1660, as part of his ‘discription’ of the royal collection. ...The relevant manuscript pages are included at the end of the volume, the bulk of which consists of a catalogue of his Roman silver coins, and they seem to have been added on another occasion. The pages list Greek, Roman, Modern and miscellaneous coins:
*ff.301–12 include 72 various gold coins and medals, ranging from large gold pieces of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius and a gold copy of a Pisanello medal to modern English and continental pieces, including pieces of Cromwell and Francis Bacon. It includes seven ‘Arabick’ coins. The modern pieces make up the bulk of these pieces, and include coins of Charles II, and coins dated 1608, 1628, 1629, 1633, 1643, 1648, 1656, 1660 and 1662.<br>
*f.301 is entitled ‘First Drawer’, and f.305 ‘2. Drawer’. The first drawer (ff.301–3) contained 19 mostly very large pieces. F.301 is also numbered ‘1)’ in the top l. hand corner, and f.302 is also numbered ‘2)’, but f.303 is not numbered. F.304 is blank. The second drawer (ff.305–12) had 53 smaller coins. As with the first drawer, f.305 is also numbered ‘1)’; f.306 is not numbered; ff. 307–8 are numbered ‘2)’ and ‘3)’; ff.309–10 are not numbered, and f.311 is ‘3)’.<br>
*f.313r: Eight ‘Consular Brass Coynes’ (various Republican bronzes with moneyers’ names; 1 C Clovi Praef.).<br>
*f.313v: Seven ‘Incerta’, all ‘AE’ (5 anonymous Republican bronze coins; 2 Invicta Roma XL bronzes).<br>
*f.314: blank.<br>
*f.315–18: 41 various Greek gold coins, several of Alexander (ff.315–16 labelled ‘1)’ and ‘2)’).<br>
*f.319–20: 14 Byzantine coins; 1 ‘tres figurae that in the middle laying his hands upon the heads of the other two’; and 1 Frederick II Augustalis.<br>
*f.321–2: blank.<br>
*f.323-6v: 54 Roman gold coins, from Augustus to the Byzantine period.<br>
*f.327: Latin descriptions of 20 of the same Greek gold coins listed on ff.315–18, plus 1 John Palaeologus.<br>
*f.328: blank.<br>
*f.329–34v: 127 Roman gold coins, from Julius Caesar to the Byzantine period; plus (f.334v) 1 gold coin of Elagabalus inscribed 'ΙΔΡCCVΛΛCΔ....’ (ff.329–31 are additionally labelled ‘1)’ to ‘3)’).<br>
*f.335: a summary list, by ‘Drawer’. This is a list of the totals of the gold coins.<br>
*f.336: blank.<br>
*f.337: ‘Incerta’. Includes a coin of Cunobelin.<br>
*f.338: Nine Republican gold coins. These are all false, and are not included as annotations to the main silver list.<br>
*f.339r–v: ‘Antique medalls in Goulde’, etc.<br>
(Burnett 2020b, p. 1430)
'The surviving material for the chapter [in Aubrey's planned ''Monumenta Britannica''] on ‘Coynes’ consists of a series of notes and pieces of information given to him by others. ... The papers are not very extensive in quantity, and comprise a mixture of many notes in his own hand about the Heddington hoard, and various other finds from Wiltshire, Kent, Suffolk, Surrey, Gloucestershire, Somerset and Ireland; a series of letters from Sir James Long, giving a full account of Roman coins from Wanborough and a mention of others from near Bristol; another series of letters from Andrew Paschal, Rector of Chedzoy, covering 1670 to 1689, concerning Roman coin moulds from Somersetshire, with some of Aubrey’s own notes; and a copy of the article by Philip Skippon from the ''Philosophical Transactions'' about an Anglo-Saxon coin found in Suffolk.' (Burnett 2020b, pp. 712-13) +
-Brescia, Archivio Averoldi, b. 33, fasc. 3 : Indice delle medaglie che esistono presso li nobili fratelli Averoldi quondam Faustino (voir Callegari 2020). +
Averoldi, Giulio Antonio - Indice delle medaglie che esistono presso li nobili fratelli Averoldi quondam Giulio Antonio +
Brescia, Archivio Averoldi, b. 33, fasc. 3 : Indice delle medaglie che esistono presso li nobili fratelli Averoldi quondam Giulio Antonio (voir Callegari 2020). +
'I received this letter from Mr Walker yesterday, and your letter and coins for him this day, which shall be delivered him tomorrow; interim, send the above forward.' (Hunter 1832, vol. 1, p. 140; Burnett 2020b, p. 864 n. 122 (corr.)) +
'I received your’s of the 17th past, with the Saxon coin, which have communicated to Mr. Walker, who gives you his humble service; he will take care of it, and your others, received before; and hope suddenly to give you an account that I have them in my hands, to deliver to your order' (Hunter 1832, vol. 1, pp. 151-2; Burnett 2020b, p. 864 n. 123) +
B
Bagarris, Pierre-Antoine de Rascas de - Curiosités pour la confirmation et l’ornement de l’histoire, tant grecque et romaine, que des Barbares et Goths +
-Paris, BnF, Ms. Fonds Français 9531, f° 58-75: "Curiosités pour la confirmation et l’ornement de l’histoire, tant grecque et romaine, que des Barbares et Goths : consistant en anciennes monnoyes, médailles et pierres précieuses, tant gravées en creux, que taillées en bas-relief. Cabinet de M. de Rascas, sieur de Bgarris, conseiller au Parlement de Provence" (Tamizey de Larroque 1887 vol. 12, p. 78-118). +
Bainbrigg, Reginald - Notes on antiquities in Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham +
The manuscript contains Bainbrigg's notes about inscriptions and coins. The following extracts are those about coins transcribed by Haverfield 1911:
[f.318, ''olim'' 301] Bulnes. DIVA AVGVSTA FAVSTINA. Under the lower stone he found certaine peaces of monie to the number of xv or more, as brode as an old Queene Maryes grote, but thicker then six grotes. On the one side a woman in Roabes, with a garland on hir head, written about as is above said, viz. diva Augusta faustina. Upon the other side was a mounting eagle with this inscription, CONSECRATIO.<br>
A faire paiment.<br>
He found a faire payment, as might be, plowing in a little close besides the parsonage. the like was found in ther towne feildes.
[f.319, ''olim'' 302] In this Hadryan's tyme Anno domini 120 were these thre Legions in the north, Legio Secunda Augusta, at netherbie, Legio sexta. victrix at Burdoswald, and Legio vicessima victrix at Crawdun- dale, as may more plainlie appeare by ther severall inscriptions in thes places. Nummus Hadriani habet in aversa parte exercitus Britannicus per tres milites representatus, denotare in- dicas tres legiones tunc in Britannia egisse, scilicet, Secundam Augustam, Sextam victricem, et vicessimam victricem. Hec Secunda Augusta, ut hos optimos imperatores in his barbaris locis immortales redderet, hanc fecit.
[f.331, ''olim'' 313] Whitley Castle ... numismata hic saepius effodiuntur. hoc puellarum templum indigenae mihi ostenderunt sed una cum tempore, ut tu loqueris, Ruinae etiam periere
[ff.348-9, ''olim'' 329-30] Post datas ad to Rom. inscriptiones, statim Candaliam profectus, ut aliquid de vetustate illius castri de kendale e densissimis tenebris, si potuissem, in lucem eruerem. omnia abrasit vetustas. ad Levens in vetustissima scripta et numismata de improviso incidi.
(British Library, Cotton MS Julius F VI, ff.318-19, 331, 348-9; Haverfield 1911; Burnett 2020b, p. 140) +
27 Nov. 1630 (Antwerp): “Ick onderscreven kenne schldigh te syn aen myn heer Petro Paullo Rubbens de somme van vier duysent neghenhondert en twintich guldens voor dryhondert acht en twintich exemplaria Goltzij tot vyfthien guldens het stuck: de welcke somme hem belove te voldoen in drye gelycke payen: te weten deerste paye contant, de tweede naer een jaer, ende de derde naer twee jaeren naer datum van desen. Item kenne schuldigh te wesen duysent guldens in boecken voor de platen van Goltzius; de welcke hem belove te leveren near syn beliefte, achtervolgens ordinatie prys; en by soo verre die ongebonden nemt, sal hem geven rabat van twee stuycers op elcken gulden. Des oorkonden hebbe dit met myn eyghen handt gescreven en onderteeckent, binnen Antwerpen den 27° November XVI° en dertich” (Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum; Rooses & Ruelens 1907, V, p. 359). +
3 Febr. 1631 (from Antwerp): “Item also gecocht hebbe alle de resterende exemplaria van de Opera Huberti Goltzij, midtsgaeders vierhondert en vier copere platen daer toe dienende, de welcke Jacobus de Bie saliger heeft doen drucken met privilegie aen hem eertydts verleent, soo ist dat ick desgelyckx van de voors. Opera Huberti Goltzij Octroij versoecke …” (Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum, Copie de lettres 1625-1635, p. 171; Rooses & Ruelens 1907, V, no. 696, p. 356). +
Bibliothèque des auteurs qui ont travaillé sur les médailles, par D. Anselme Banduri, 84 pages, 290 × 200 mm. - Reliure veau fauve, Estampille aux armes d'Orléans. Département des manuscrits. Français 9727 +
-Lettre du 30 mai 1786 (de Bruxelles) : « Tout ce qui concerne notre bon roi Henri IV étant, messieurs, d'un grand intérêt pour la nation, je crois faire plaisir à vos lecteurs en leur donnant connaissance d'un beau médaillon de ce prince frappé en 1598, h l'occasion de la paix de Vervins, et que j'ai vu ici chez M. l'abbé Ghesquière, rédacteur des Analectes Belgiques. Ce médaillon d'or, de la grandeur d'un écu de six livres, qui pèse une once et demie et 25 grains poids de marc, représente d'un côté Henri IV en buste avec cette légende : HENRICUS III. FRANCOR . ET - NAV . REX. La figure du prince ressemble parfaitement aux bons portraits que nous avons de lui. Sur le revers du médaillon, on voit une femme vêtue à la romaine, tenant de la main gauche un caducée et une branche d'olivier, et de la droite une patère au-dessus d'un autel ; la légende du revers est ainsi coque : PACE TERRA MARIQVE PARTA, et dans I'exergue on lit : OPTI. PRIN. 1598. La noble et majestueuse simplicité de ce revers, qui retrace le goût des anciens monétaires romains, le beau relief du médaillon, tout en un mot contribue à rendre cette pièce digne du prince en l'honneur de qui elle fut frappée. Elle est certainement d'une très grande rareté, au moins ne me rappelai-je pas de l'avoir vue dans aucun cabinet, pas même dans celui du roi, où elle manquait encore il y a douze ans. M. l'abbé Ghesquière, qui possède ce médaillon; en a aussi plusieurs autres grecs et romains, ainsi qu'une belle suite de consulaires et d'impériales de différents modules et de monnaies belgiques, dont il doit donner une description en plusieurs mémoires, qui recevront un accueil très distingué, s'ils sont aussi instructifs que le premier, qui paraît ici depuis quelques mois chez Lemaire, libraire. En voici le titre : Mémoire sur trois points intéressants de l'histoire monétaire des Pays-Bas avec les figures de plusieurs monnaies belgiques, tant d'or que d'argent, frappées avant l’année 1430, in-80, grand format de 214 pages, avec 6 planches fidèlement gravées. Ce premier mémoire sera suivi de cinq autres, qui paraîtront successivement. Mr l'abbé Ghesquière communique toutes ses richesses numismatiques et littéraires avec cette urbanité et empressement qui caractérisent un véritable amateur » (Journal de Paris, 3 juin 1786, n° 154, p. 638 ; Bordeaux 1905, p. 457-459).
-Lettre du 9 avril 1789 (de Paris) : « Paris, 9 avril 1789, Aux auteurs du Journal. Un avis imprimé, que l'on vient, messieurs, de m'envoyer de Bruxelles, m'apprend que M. l'abbé Ghesquière, membre de l'Académie de cette ville, est déterminé à vendre sa belle collection de livres rares et de médailles grecques, romaines et gauloises des trois métaux et de tous les modules. Le prix de cette collection, que le propriétaire s'est occupé à former depuis quatorze ans, a été évalué par des connaisseurs à 1.000 louis d'or. En attendant que l'abbé Ghesquière ait fait imprimer la liste des pièces les plus rares, il offre de céder aux amateurs trois beaux médaillons d'or; le premier est celui de notre bon roi Henri IV, frappé en 1598 à l'occasion de la paix de Vervins, dont je vous adressai il y a trois ans de Bruxelles la description que vous publiâtes dans votre journal du 3 juin 1786, no r 54. Le second médaillon fut frappé le 25 juin 1630 pour l'année séculaire de la confession d'Augsbourg Le troisième est celui que fit faire en 1663 Michel Apasi, prince de Transylvanie. Les trois pièces sont d'une grande rareté en or. Le prix de la première, qui pèse une once et demie 25 grains au poids de marc, est de 30 louis d'or. Celui des deux autres est fixé à 10 louis chacune ; j'ai pensé que cette annonce pouvait être agréable aux amateurs de médailles et de livres anciens; ils doivent s'adresser d'ici à la fin du mois prochain à l'abbé Ghesquière, au Refuge d’Affligein [Afflighem ?] à Bruxelles. L'Abbé de St-L… » (Journal de Paris, mercredi 15 avril 1789, no 105, p. 477 ; Bordeaux 1905, p. 460). +
-Lettre du 20 février 1725 (de Rovigno) : sur un Othon de bronze (Paris, BnF, Mss. Clairembault 300, f° 77 ; Sarmant 2003, p. 277, note 46). +
-Lettre du 5 janvier 1678 (de Milan) : évoque le désir de Mezzabarba d’acquérir une centaine de monnaies républicaines (Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Epistolario Magnavacchiano, Ms. Cl. VIII, 778 ; F. Missere Fontana 2000, p. 168, note 30). +
-Lettre du 12 décembre 1674 (de Venise à Padoue): “Prevale tanto in me il desiderio di cose giudicate belle e virtuose l'assenza ch'io sia di tutto, deltanto ignorante che a quello pospongo il soddisfacimento di molte cose necessarie. Hora che dalla mia buona sorte vengo in parte contentato per il mezzo d' V. S. Ill.ma la cui gran bontà mi dà fede d'esser favorito volentieri, dalla cui alta nobiltà, che ha per scopo principale la generosità di V. S., mi fa certo di non rimaner deluso, quanto alla mia aspettazione, e quanto alla cui virtù ne resterà creditato il favore, onde mi basterà dire a me stesso la gratia viene da cotesto loco. Queste qualità mi danno un'ansia così veemente di godere la grazia delle medaglie che maggior non può essere, e per godere questo contento è necessario valermi della bontà del Sig. Bernardo Vedova, perché in Padova non ho niuna gratia se non è agitata o stabilita da esso S. Onde supplico V. S. Ill.ma contentarsi dare al medesimo medaglie che mi vuol graziare, che lui poi me le farà havere e bench'io aspetti d'un cavagliere come V. S. Ill.ma cosa gratiosa, che potrà per se stessa ad ogni modo (se meglio), lo supplico anco contentarsi aggiungerne una o due medaglie, come sarebbe di Vitellio e simile, che quando V. S. Ill.ma vorà far fare il deposito per la statua di marmo, quelle saranno a conto di quella fattura, che piacendo al cielo ch’io voglia servirla, m'adoperò in modo tale che mi conoscerà ch'io sono, c. 17 » (Lendinara, Archivio Storico e Biblioteca Comunale, Archivio di Lazara, A 2-3-12 ; Casarotto 2014, p. 128, note 699). +
-Paris, BnF, Fr 22880, Président Jean Bouhier de Savigny (1673-1746), Recueil de mémoires archéologiques formé par le président Bouhier : in « Miscellanea variorum eruditorum », « XXI. Nummi decem Erythraeorum in Ionia illustrati T.S.B. [ajout de Bouhier sous les initiales]. Hoc est, Theophilo Sigefredo Bayero, auctore [et dans la marge] Ex Commentariis Academiæ Scientiarum Petropolitanæ. Tom. 2 [1727]. pag. 434 [434-458 et pl.28, reproduite partiellement f° 116 r-v.] [autre ajout dans la marge mais identique à la disposition dans l'article] M. Maio 1727. f° 106 v-112 v. +
